
What are the symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)
Allergic rhinitis primarily affects the nose and eyes. Common symptoms include:
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Nasal symptoms:
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Runny nose
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Nasal congestion
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Sneezing
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Itchy nose and palate
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Eye symptoms:
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Red, itchy, and watery eyes
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Less common symptoms may include:
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Cough
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Ear congestion
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Fatigue
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Headaches
It's important to note that allergy symptoms can mimic those of the common cold, but they tend to be more persistent and often worsen during allergen exposure.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing allergic rhinitis typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by an allergist.
This may include:
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Medical history:
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A detailed discussion of your symptoms, including when they occur, their severity, and any potential triggers.
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Visual examination:
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Check for signs of inflammation in the nose and eyes.
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Allergy testing:
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Skin prick test: A small amount of allergen is applied to your skin, and a prick is made to introduce the allergen. A raised, itchy bump indicates an allergy.
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Blood test: Measures specific IgE antibodies to different allergens. Once the allergen causing your symptoms is identified, targeted treatment can be recommended.
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Treatment Options
Treatment for allergic rhinitis aims to manage symptoms and reduce exposure to allergens.
Options include:
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Medications: Antihistamines, decongestants, nasal corticosteroids, and leukotriene modifiers.
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Allergy shots (immunotherapy): Introduce small amounts of allergen over time to build immunity and reduce sensitivity.
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Allergen avoidance: Minimizing exposure to allergens through measures like air purifiers, dust mite covers, and pet restrictions. The best treatment plan will depend on the severity of your symptoms and the specific allergens triggering your allergies.
Prevention
While allergic rhinitis can't be entirely prevented, you can significantly reduce your exposure to allergens and manage your symptoms.
Key prevention strategies include:
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Identifying and avoiding triggers:
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Knowing what triggers your allergies allows you to minimize exposure.
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Home environment:
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Use allergen-proof covers, wash bedding in hot water regularly, vacuum frequently using a HEPA filter vacuum cleaner, keep pets out of bedrooms, and reduce humidity to control mold growth.
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Outdoor precautions:
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Check pollen counts, limit outdoor activities during peak pollen times, wear sunglasses and a mask, and shower and change clothes after being outdoors.
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Regular cleaning:
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Dust and mop surfaces regularly, and clean air conditioning filters. By taking proactive steps, you can reduce the impact of allergic rhinitis on your daily life.
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